Extrusion-based 3D printing of biodegradable porous iron-based scaffolds for bone substitution

The treatment of large bone injuries continues to be challenging partially due to the limited quantity and quality of bone replacement materials. We developed porous biodegradable iron (Fe)-based scaffolds using extrusion 3D printing technology and comprehensively studied the scaffolds characteristics, while progressively aiming to fulfill all the material requirements for use as bone substitutes.